Accepted NRE Demos

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The King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia is developing its new Data Transfer Service (DTS) platform, aimed at accelerating data-intensive science between the Middle East region and global collaborators — and present it in a demonstration. 

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Building on prior StarLight DTN-as-a-Service (DTNaaS) initiatives, including those in the published paper, ‘AIDTN: Towards a Real-Time AI Optimized DTN System With NVMeoF,’ the StarLight consortium and its partners will showcase an advanced AI-optimized DTNaaS framework at SC25. This project aims to prototype AI-assisted network data movement services for end-to-end WAN infrastructure operating at speeds up to N x 400 Gbps.  

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This demonstration will build on our previous NRE SC demonstrations with significant advancements. As in previous years, we aim to show dynamic arrangement and re-arrangement of widely distributed processing of large volumes of data across a set of compute and network resources organized in response to resource availability and changing application demands. We also aim to explore performance limitations and enablers for high volume bulk data transfers. A software-controlled network will be assembled using a number of switches and multiple SCinet Tbps connections from DC and Chicago to St. Louis. We plan to show rapid automated deployment and redeployment with prioritized optimization, real-time monitoring and QOS management application data flows with very different network demands. Technologies we intend to leverage include SDN, RDMA, RoCE, NVMe, GPU acceleration and others.

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This demonstration will aim to deliver multiples of the bandwidth that was available to NRE demonstrations in previous years. The focus is exploring and exploiting the multiplied bandwidth newly available to enterprise networks through the breakout availability of Tbps coherent communications channels that can ride open optical line systems straight through to the enterprise data center network. These coherent channels are able to bypass the cost and complexity of intermediate networks and land dramatic network bandwidth directly in the data center. As in previous years, we aim to accomplish a number of NRE demonstrations in the StarLight booth and other SC25 booths that will capitalize on all of the resources SC25’s SCinet brings.

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The Software-defined network for End-to-end Networked Science at Exascale (SENSE) system enables the automated provision of Cyberinfrastructure services with integrated network, compute, and storage resources. These services can be Application Programming Interface (API) driven, which allows science workflow agents to initiate, monitor, and optimize through the lifecycle of their workflow.

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With multiple national and international partners, iCAIR is designing, developing, implementing, and operating an international Software Defined Exchange (SDX) at the StarLight International/National Communications Exchange Facility, which integrates multiple services designed for large scale global data intensive science. The StarLight SDX is based on a flexible, scalable, programmable platform. This SDX, which is managed by a multi-organizational consortium, has been proven able to integrate many different multi-domain services and to insure services isolation. Services include those based on 100 Gbps Data Transfer Nodes (DTNs) for Wide Area Networks (WANs), including trans-oceanic WANs. Currently, a key focus is scaling to 400 Gbps, 800 Gbps and 1.2 Tbps WAN and LAN E2E technologies that provide high performance transport services for petascale science, controlled using Software Defined Networking (SDN) techniques. SDN enabled DTN services are being designed specifically to optimize capabilities for supporting large scale, high capacity, high performance, reliable, high quality, sustained individual data streams for science research.

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Large scale data production within and among science research collaborations and sites continues to increase, a long term trend that continues to accelerate, driven especially by the deployment of new science facilities, including high luminosity research instrumentation and next generation computational science centers. Consequently, the science networking community is planning networking infrastructure that can support services beyond 100Gbps, with one thematic focus on 400 Gbps LANs and WANs (represented also by other NRE demonstrations planned by this consortium). However, this consortium is also investigating capabilities for WAN services beyond 400 Gbps, including those approaching 800 Gbps, 1.2 Tbps, and multi-Tbps WAN and LAN services. This NRE describes the required infrastructure for a prototype 1.2 Tbps WAN. NB: A companion NRE describes a demonstration of the 1.2 Tbps services that will be supported by this infrastructure.

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Large scale data production within and among science research collaborations and sites continues to increase, a long term trend that continues to accelerate, especially driven by the deployment of new science facilities, including high luminosity research instrumentation and next generation high performance computation science centers. Consequently, the science networking community has begun to prepare infrastructure that can support high capacity services, with one key thematic focus on 400 Gbps LANs and WANs (represented also by other NRE demonstrations planned by this consortium). However, this consortium is also investigating capabilities for WAN services beyond 400 Gbps, including those approaching 800 Gbps, 1.2 Tbps, and multi-Tbps WAN and LAN services. NB: A companion NRE describes a demonstration of the 1.2 Tbps infrastructure required for a large scale 1.2 Tbps service. This NRE describes prototype 1.2 Tbps WAN services that will be supported by the infrastructure described in that NRE.

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Data production among science research collaborations continues to accelerate, a long term trend, in part, propelled by large scale science facilities, including high luminosity research instruments and next generation HPC computational science centers. Consequently, the networking community is preparing for high performance WAN services, including 400 Gbps, 800 Gbps and 1 Tbps WAN and LAN services. In this progression, 400 Gbps E2E WAN services, the focus of these NRE demonstrations, comprise a key building block. Currently, the requirements and implications of 400 Gbps WAN services are being explored at scale, including 400 Gbps E2E over thousands of miles across multiple domains. Recently, these techniques were used to stream 800 Gbps E2E WAN services over 4,000 at the OFC conference in San Francisco, supported by an OFCnet path between the venue and the StarLight Exchange in Chicago. The 400 Gbps NRE demonstrations described here will showcase 400 Gbps E2E WAN services from the StarLight International/National Communications Exchange Facility in Chicago to the SC25 venue, between StarLight and the multi-agency Joint Big Data Testbed (JBDT) Facility in McLean, Virginia, and between the JBDT Facility and the SC25 venue.

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The Global Research Platform (GRP) is an international scientific collaboration that is creating innovative advanced ubiquitous services that integrate resources around the globe at speeds of gigabits and terabits per second, especially for data-intensive science research. GRP focuses on design, implementation, and operation strategies for next-generation distributed services and infrastructure to facilitate high-performance data gathering, analytics, transport, computing, and storage among multiple science sites at 100 Gbps or higher (e.g., 400 and 800 Gbps WAN streams as well at Tbps). GRP community partners are located in North America, Asia, Europe, and South America and work together to customize international fabrics and distributed cyberinfrastructure to support optimal data-intensive scientific workflows. Essentially, the GRP is a worldwide Science DMZ, a distributed environment for dataintensive research. The GRP leverages optical circuits and open exchange facilities provided by its collaborators. The GRP consortium focuses on extremely high capacity data intensive science. Some of the facilities used are dedicated to specific science projects, some are shared under restrictive policies with other science communities, others are more widely shared with research communities. The GRP assist in coordinating among those activities.

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This work presents a programmable, FPGA-accelerated framework for real-time packet header processing in high-speed networks. By aggregating up to four packet headers and leveraging stream-based second frequency moment estimation with parallel count sketches on an AMD U200 FPGA and Tofino2 P4 switch, the system achieves efficient and scalable traffic analysis at 400 Gbps. A preliminary evaluation using MAWI and CAIDA DDoS traces demonstrates accurate estimation performance compared to exact calculations. The design reduces processing overhead while maintaining line-rate throughput, making it suitable for next-generation monitoring and anomaly detection.

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perfSONAR is the de facto network measurement toolkit for research & education networks. Quilt Corporation NFP is building a new network to serve economically disadvantaged neighborhoods throughout South and West Chicagoland via its Community Access Broadband Initiative (CABI). SCinet is a global collaboration of high- performance networking experts who provide a platform that connects SC conference series attendees and exhibitors to the world. This NRE seeks to deploy perfSONAR nodes within QUILT and SC25 SCinet infrastructure to evaluate methods smaller network operators in the community may use to better interact with research & education networks.

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This demonstration presents an in-network packet classification approach designed to operate at high data rates, identifying whether packet payloads contain new information. The method classifies payloads based on differences relative to a reference payload, motivated by distributed scientific workflows that detect rare events observable across time and space. When such workflows span multiple sites, analyzing data in transit can reduce unnecessary data movement and accelerate discovery.

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Managing large-scale scientific workflows over networks is becoming increasingly complex, especially as multiple science projects share the same underlying resources yet are governed by multiple divergent variables: requirements, constraints, configurations, technologies, etc. A key method to address this issue is to provide high-fidelity visibility into how specific science flows utilize network resources end-to-end. This demonstration will showcase one such method, scientific network tags (Scitags), an initiative that is promoting identification of individual science domains and their high-level activities at the network level.

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The Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) initiative, led bythe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), seeks to establish a seamless, secure, and programmable scientific ecosystem connecting experimental instruments, high-performance computing (HPC) centers, storage platforms, and network infrastructures. The overarching goal is to enable integrated, cross-facility scientific workflows that reduce time-to-insight and enhance collaborative discovery.

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This demonstration will show the FABRIC Research Cyberinfrastructure in operation: FABRIC https://portal.fabric-testbed.net FABRIC (FABRIC is Adaptive ProgrammaBle Research Infrastructure for Computer Science and Science Applications) is an International infrastructure that enables cutting-edge experimentation and research at-scale in the areas of networking, cybersecurity, distributed computing, storage, virtual reality, 5G, machine learning, and science applications.

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Over the past decade, cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) has emerged as an important technique in structural biology, dramatically expanding our capacity to visualize biological macromolecules at near-atomic resolution. This advancement has been particularly impactful in biomedical research, enabling scientists to determine the detailed structures of critical targets such as the HIV vaccine research and SARSCoV-2 spike protein. Insights obtained from Cryo-EM have directly accelerated vaccine and therapeutic development, demonstrating its potential to transform our approach to tackling infectious diseases, many of which disproportionately burden the Global South. Despite these advances, researchers in resource-constrained settings, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, face significant barriers in accessing Cryo-EM infrastructure due to the high cost, sophisticated instrumentation, and specialized technical expertise required.

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The San Diego Supercomputer Center and the Prototype National Research Platform NSF Award 2112167 Category II provide the National Research Platform, a community-owned platform connecting researchers and educators to accelerate innovation and share resources. Supported by over 70 institutions, the NRP provides access to cutting-edge technologies in AI, high-performance computing, data storage, and networking using the Nautilus Kubernetes Cluster, which will directly incorporate SCinet-connected compute nodes on the exhibit floor at SC25 to enable seamless execution of high-performance, interactive workloads.

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This demonstration links the National Research Platform (NRP) Kubernetes cluster resources at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) to the StarLight facility in Chicago via the ESnet SENSE Orchestrator. Using dedicated 100Gbps direct links integrated into the AutoGOLE global topology, NRP transmits live Kubernetes network data packets to P4-programmable Tofino2 SmartNIC endpoints deployed at StarLight for advanced packet inspection, telemetry, and analysis. Each packet originating from SDSC, where numerous NRP resources and Kubernetes workloads operate, is routed over SENSE using orchestrated L2 paths with a dedicated QoS VLAN tag. Upon arrival at StarLight, programmable P4 logic running on Tofino2 returns header-only data stream to a Xilinx Alveo FPGA running P4 and DPDK acceleration for high-throughput packet processing and offload, ingesting it into a Kafka streaming database in real time, enabling live monitoring and analysis of Kubernetes cluster network behavior and workload communication patterns.

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The San Diego Supercomputer Center and National Research Platform are deploying a large-scale programmable testbed integrating P4-programmable SmartNICs, DPUs, and switches for real-time in-network computing research. This infrastructure includes seven 1U DC-powered measurement and monitoring servers, known as Interactive Global Research Observatory Knowledgebase nodes, supplied through the PacWave NSF Award 2029306. Each IGROK node is equipped with BlueField-2 DPUs featuring 2×100 Ethernet interfaces and is integrated into the AutoGOLE/SENSE topology, enabling distributed monitoring and control.

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The San Diego Supercomputer Center and the Prototype National Research Platform NSF Award 2112167 Category II provide the National Research Platform, a community-owned platform connecting researchers and educators to accelerate innovation and share resources. Supported by over 70 institutions, the NRP provides access to cutting-edge technologies in AI, high-performance computing, data storage, and networking using the Nautilus Kubernetes Cluster, which will directly incorporate SCinet-connected compute nodes on the exhibit floor at SC25 to enable seamless execution of high-performance, interactive workloads.

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To investigate the programmable network technology over large-scale topology, we integrate NICT and NCHC/NIAR’s domestic P4 Testbeds through international circuits of JGN and TWAREN. Such international testbed will contain heterogeneous P4 targets (Tofino from NCHC and BMv2/SmartNIC from NICT) for research and experiment. In addition, we will utilize the testbed to allocate inter-site network scenarios for research on In-band Network Telemetry (INT) over geographic area. In addition, SRv6 has been attracting attention recently, especially in the field of mobile areas. By separating the INT management domain, the proposed solution could resolve the bottleneck of INT and monitor the network status over geographic areas in real-time effectively, and by combining INT and SRv6, the foundation of a high-performance mobile network could be built.

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The University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) provides large-scale storage for several scientific projects lead by the university including the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which requires the sharing of the data stored with other collaborators around the world. The resources provided by the UMass Amherst research computing are located at the Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center, a near-zero carbon academic data center in New England, operated by UMass, Harvard, Yale, MIT, Northeastern, and Boston University. UMass provides, via the NEREN regional network, a highbandwidth network connection from the MGHPCC to ESnet for science and research applications.

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The Global Network Advancement Group (GNA-G) and its Data Intensive Sciences (DIS) and SENSE/AutoGOLE Working Groups, a worldwide collaboration bringing together major science programs, research and education networks, and advanced network R&D projects spanning the U.S, Europe, Asia, Latin America and Oceania, are developing a next generation network-integrated system that will meet the challenges of data intensive sciences, showing the way towards the next generation of intelligent operations of R&E networks, as well as new methods and modes of network operation and capacity management that will benefit both network research and production teams.

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GP4L (Global Platform For Lab) is a global overlay network composed of 100G/400G programmable switches and SmartNICs from the GNA-G AutoGOLE / SENSE Persistent Multi-Resource Testbed, NRP and the GEANT RARE initiative. It provides routing services using multiple open network operating systems like SONiC/FRR and RARE/FreeRtr, which implement traditional networking protocols and can be extended to integrate next generation features as an opt-In strategy. GP4L provides the means to implement production oriented feature experimentations and protocols, without impacting the rest of the network.

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This Network Research Exhibition (NRE) proposes to demonstrate the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and federated learning for cosmic ray event detection. This demonstration will focus on ground-based infrastructure in preparation for flight on an Oligo Spacecraft, leveraging the cosmic ray data collected by the Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) project. A key component of this demonstration will be the integration of CosmicWatch Desktop Muon Detector units, which provide real-time cosmic ray muon detection with high temporal precision and rich sensor metadata. These compact, low-power (0.5 W) detectors utilize plastic scintillators and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) to record cosmic-ray muons, enabling continuous data collection for AI model training and federated learning coordination.

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The research and education network at Sao Paulo (rednesp), formerly ANSP (Academic Network at Sao Paulo), connects dozens of research and education institutions in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil also providing international connections to the USA and to Europe. After designing it in 2022, rednesp started deploying a new backbone, known as “Backbone SP” connecting 8 major research and education institutions with 100 Gbps links: University of Sao Paulo (USP), University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), Mackenzie University, Federal University of ABC (UFABC) and Federal University at São Paulo (UNIFESP). All links are now fully operational including a 100 Gbps link to UNICAMP from the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) which is part of the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), in Campinas (SP). Backbone SP (figure 2) is connected to the USA through two 100 Gbps and one 800 Gbps links (all shared with Amlight and RNP), recently uodated from 2x200gbps, and to Europe through a 100 Gbps link using the Ellalink cable (figure 1). The total bandwith from Brazil to the US is expected to rise by at least 1 Tbps by the end of 2025. There is also a connection to Chile (to the Vera Rubin Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)), and a connection to Buenos Aires in Argentina (RNP).

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The University of Sao Paulo, in Brazil, (https://www5.usp.br/english/institutional/) is a public university, maintained by the State of Sao Paulo (see figure 1 showing the state of Sao Paulo and main international connections) and affiliated with the State Secretariat of Economic, Scientific and Technological Development. Various world rankings, created to measure the quality of universities according to diverse criteria, particularly those related to scientific productivity, have widely recognized the talent and dedication of USP professors, students and employees. USP has consistently appeared among the 100 best universities in the world and the best in Latin America according to several international ranking organizations.

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This demonstration presents a collaborative case study showcasing the integration of PolKA (Polynomial Key-based Architecture) path-aware networking to meet the stringent performance requirements of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Long-Haul Network (LHN). The LHN transports 13 GB astronomical images every 27 seconds from Chile to the U.S. Data Facility (USDF) at SLAC through a dedicated, SLA-driven 40 Gbps infrastructure. Achieving sub-7-second transfers over a 180 ms or longer round-trip delay requires exceptional traffic steering, loss avoidance, and fault resilience.

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The AmLight network leverages optical spectrum and leased capacity to deliver a leading-edge, reliable infrastructure for research and collaboration across the U.S., Latin America, the Caribbean, and South Africa.

In 2021, AmLight deployed a custom Software-Defined Networking (SDN) fabric, fully managed by its Kytos-ng SDN controller [https://kytos-ng.io]. By 2024, AmLight expanded to Argentina with a 400G channel and, for SC25, partnered with Angola Cables and Ciena to add two 800G channels to Brazil. Today, AmLight supports over 1Tbps of international capacity and more than 24 long-haul 100G links across 12 sites, enabling dynamic provisioning, advanced pathfinding, per-packet programmability, and integration with orchestrators (AutoGOLE/SENSE) and testbeds (FABRIC, RARE).

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Ciena’s WaveLogic 6 Nano (WL6n) is the latest offering in Ciena’s Coherent pluggable product line. Packaged in OSFP800 and QSFP-DD800 form factor with several transmission modes, the Ciena WL6n plug can establish error free channels over extended distances. WL6n enables a wide range of applications from 800ZR metro Data Center Interconnect (DCI) to 400G long-haul. Based on 3nm CMOS and using Probabilistic Constellation Shaping (PCS) WL6n can achieve 800Gbps over distances greater than 1000km. For this demonstration at SC25, the WL6n gear would be deployed in the Ciena booth and connected to the Internet2 line system via SCinet. The channel would be looped in a Chicago data center and eventually terminate in Ciena booth on the showfloor. Ciena is expecting the signal to establish an 800Gbps channel over 1000-1100 km distance via the Chicago loop.